# Debian
Some notes from my Debian 5.0 (lenny) to 12.0 (bookworm) server experiences.

## Releases
https://www.debian.org/releases/

| Number | Codename |
| ------ | -------- |
| 5 | lenny |
| 6 | squeeze |
| 7 | wheezy |
| 8 | jessie |
| 9 | stretch |
| 10 | buster |
| 11 | bullseye |
| 12 | bookworm |

## Hostname
Set hostname for IPv4 and IPv6 on loopback interface:
```
hostname=foo
domain=felixhummel.de
fqdn=$hostname.$domain

cat <<EOF > /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
# fqdn first for "hostname -f"
127.0.1.1 $fqdn $hostname

::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts
EOF

echo $hostname > /etc/hostname
hostname -F /etc/hostname
exec $SHELL
```

```
hostname
hostname -f
python -c 'import socket; print socket.getfqdn()'
python3 -c 'import socket; print(socket.getfqdn())'
```

- https://askubuntu.com/questions/754213/what-is-difference-between-localhost-address-127-0-0-1-and-127-0-1-1
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/36619 "grains.fqdn value is difficult to rely on"
- postfix and hostnames https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=214741#10


## Git 1.9 on Debian Wheezy
```
apt-get -t wheezy-backports install git
echo 'deb http://cloudfront.debian.net/debian wheezy-backports main' \
    >> /etc/apt/sources.list
```

## Debian Locale
Error:
```
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.utf8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
```

Fix (non-interactive):
```
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
cp /etc/locale.gen /etc/locale.gen.bak
cat <<'EOF' > /etc/locale.gen
de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
EOF
dpkg-reconfigure locales
```


## Add Another Locale
E.g. for German UTF-8:
```
grep de_DE.UTF-8 /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED
echo "de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
dpkg-reconfigure locales
```


## Python 2.6 On Debian Lenny
http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2008/10/installing-python-26-source-ubuntu-hardy/:
```
sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install build-essential\
                                             libncursesw5-dev\
                                             libreadline5-dev\
                                             libssl-dev\
                                             libgdbm-dev\
                                             libbz2-dev\
                                             libc6-dev\
                                             libsqlite3-dev\
                                             tk-dev
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.6/Python-2.6.tgz
tar xzf Python-2.6.tgz
cd Python-2.6
./configure --prefix=/opt/python2.6
make
# ignore bsddb185 sunaudiodev
sudo make install
```

## Exim 4 for outgoing Mail
Set static FQDN by setting it *as the first line* in ``/etc/hosts``, e.g.:
```
127.0.0.1   mx1.example.org mx1
```